High Concentration Plasma Activated Water Generator

The HC-PAW Generator by PUZMAR GROUP is a specialized plasma water treatment system designed to produce High-Concentration Plasma-Activated Water (HC-PAW) — water enriched with high concentrations of ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) and RNS (Reactive Nitrogen Species) while maintaining a neutral pH (~7).

The system utilizes Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma generation via a single-tube, multi-pin discharge electrode configuration — designed for efficient plasma transfer into flowing water streams.
 

• Discharge Type: Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD)
   
• Geometry: Single-tube plasma conduit
   
• Electrode Design: Multi-pin plasma injection
   
• Discharge Mode: Cold plasma, non-thermal
   
• Operating Medium: Atmospheric air or gas mixture
   

Plasma-Activated Water (PAW): An Overview

Plasma-Activated Water (PAW) is a form of water that has been treated using plasma technology—a state of ionized gas composed of free electrons and positive ions. Plasma is generated when a gas is subjected to a high-energy source, such as an electric discharge or a strong electromagnetic field, resulting in a highly reactive mixture of ions, radicals, and other reactive species.

When water is exposed to plasma, it undergoes a series of chemical and physical transformations due to interactions with reactive species generated in the plasma. These changes include:

• Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS):
  Hydroxyl radicals (•OH), ozone (O₃), superoxide (O₂⁻), singlet oxygen (¹O₂), and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) are formed. These species are highly reactive and possess strong oxidative properties.
   
• Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS):
  Nitric oxide (NO), nitrite (NO₂⁻), and nitrate (NO₃⁻) are produced during plasma-water interactions. These species contribute to redox balance and biological activity.
   

Plasma treatment can alter the molecular arrangement of water, leading to changes in:

• Surface tension
   
• pH
   
• Oxidation-Reduction Potential (ORP)
   
• Electrical conductivity
   

These changes enhance water’s physical and reactive behavior.

PAW exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, effectively inactivating:

• Bacteria
   
• Viruses
   
• Fungi
   
• Other pathogenic microorganisms
   

This is primarily due to ROS, which cause oxidative damage to microbial membranes, proteins, and DNA.

Reactive species in PAW initiate oxidative degradation of organic contaminants, enabling effective detoxification and water purification without the use of added chemicals.

PAW can serve as a source of natural nitrogen fertilizer, as it contains:

• Nitric oxide (NO)
   
• Nitrite (NO₂⁻)
   
• Nitrate (NO₃⁻) – the most stable and directly absorbable form for plants
   

This makes PAW especially valuable in sustainable agriculture, enabling chemical-free nutrient enrichment and plant growth enhancement.

Plasma-Activated Water (PAW) is water that has been treated using plasma energy to generate reactive species beneficial for various applications. During treatment, plasma stimulates the formation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS) in the water.

Typically, PAW exhibits acidic pH levels between 3–4, depending on the cleanliness and initial quality of the water.

High-Concentration Plasma-Activated Water (HC-PAW) is produced through intensified p
lasma treatment, resulting in higher concentrations of reactive species than standard PAW.
Despite its higher reactivity, HS-PAW can maintain a neutral pH around 7, depending on input water quality and plasma configuration.